Introduction

Bone is a living tissue and plays a structural role in the body. (2) Bone is mainly comprises of protein, calcium, phosphorus and a number of other minerals. Bones are rich in calcium. (1) For bone health good nutrition plays an important role and structural values of minerals like calcium are now very well-established. Protein intake is very important because it increases the total body mass. Total body mass and bone density decreases as age advances. If abundance of protein diet is properly taken, it can reduce the risk of low bone density. Bone plays a structural role in the body and also serves as a preservative site for calcium.

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Healthy bone is physically powerful and does not smash easily. Calcium and other substances are added to the bone, strengthening the skeleton as it develops. (2) Old bone tissues are continuously replaced by new tissues. Bone formation and bone replacement of old bone tissue take place throughout life. These processes are influenced by a variety of factors including diet and physical activity. Bone formation is greater than bone replacement until the age of 30-35 years. (1)

Healthy Bones

Strong bones that are enriched with calcium have fewer chances to become weak and break in old age. Strength of bone is affected by:

• Genetic factors
• Gender
• Diet
• Physical activity
• Body weight
• Hormones (1)

Role Of Calcium In Healthy Bones:

Calcium is present in number of varieties like carbonate, citrate, malate, bone calcium and coral calcium. This most abundant mineral in the body is responsible for strong bones and teeth, and healthy gums. Bones are preservative site of calcium and reduce the risk of thinning, fractures, poor postures and height loss. Calcium supplementation shows beneficial effects over the age of 60.The elder people are more susceptible for osteoporosis and degenerative conditions. (2)

OSTEOPOROSIS

As age advances, there is increased risk of bone fracture which causes mobility problems called Osteoporosis. After the age of 35 years the ratio of bone mineral loss is exceeded from bone mineral formation. Osteoporosis occurs if large amounts of bone are lost, or if the bones are not strong before bone loss begins. In osteoporosis fractures are commonly occur in spine and hip. Most frequently older people and menopausal women are affected by this disease. (1)

Factors That Reduce Osteoporosis

For healthy life, exercise is extremely beneficial. For older people resistance exercise is very important. Low to moderate intensity exercises in which the bones tolerate some weight like climbing stairs, house work and gardening, jogging, brisk walking or dancing, reduce the risk of osteoporosis. For strengthening and development of bones do regular exercises during childhood and adolescence. For being physically active throughout life it is also important to keep bones strong. (1)

Factors That Increase Osteoporosis

There are a number of factors that increase the risk of developing osteoporosis:

• Smoking
• High alcohol intake
• Weight loss
• Early menopause (1)
  

REFERENCES
1. nutrition.org.uk/home.asp?siteId=43§ionId=648&parentSection=321&which=1
2. Marcia Zimmerman, CN & Jayson Kroner, CSN. (2006). 7-Syndrome Healing. Page No. 68 & 69. Chico, California: Nutrition Solution Publications